Polyuretaanimaterials [that is, high molecular polymers containing urethane groups and -NHCOO in the main chain of macromolecules] have developed rapidly since the industrial production was not released on the market in the 1950s. Compared with polymer rubber materials, it has its own unique characteristics. It can use different numbers of functional groups and different types of functional groups according to different performance requirements, and use different production processes to produce polyuretaani products with different properties and properties.
Among rubber rubber types, there are polyuretaani rubber varieties that can be cross-linked. There are also those that are not in the category of rubber, such as foam plastics, rigid plastic products, coatings, high resilience synthetic fibers, artificial leather, adhesives, and so on.
Polyuretaanimateriaaleja käytetään tällä hetkellä laajalti eri aloilla. Esimerkiksi ilmailu- ja avaruusteollisuudessa sen kovat tuotteet, pehmeät tuotteet ja vaahtotuotteet ovat kevyempiä kuin metallimateriaalit, [erittäin tärkeää lentokoneille], ja niillä on suuri joustavuus ja palamattomuus. , Erittäin luja, erittäin alhaisen lämpötilan eristys jne., Joita käytetään lentokoneiden huppuihin, nopeusjarruihin, radomeihin, lentokoneiden polttoainesäiliöiden täyttöihin, polttoaineen kulutuksen säätöhöyrystinpoijuihin jne., Sekä erilaisiin tukikehyksiin ja istuintyynyihin sisustukseen . Sitä käytetään lämmön säilyttämiseen kuljetusalalla.Polyuretaanimateriaalit ovat erottamattomia materiaaleista ja istuintyynyistä, kodin sisustusteollisuudesta ja jopa korkealaatuisista aikuisten kondomeista ja renkaista. Ja viimeaikainen tuotteiden kehittäminen ja käyttö autojen iskunvaimennus- ja vaimennustarvikkeissa on herättänyt enemmän huomiota.
Although there are many types of polyuretaani products, the classification of its products is nothing more than:
Flexible foam products, rigid products, and elastomers [thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanizable elastomers EU, AU]. The product molding equipment, such as mixing polyuretaani rubber, is generally solid and can be vulcanized with sulfur, peroxide, and polyisocyanate. It can be designed according to the conventional rubber product production process and formula. If it is a thermoplastic elastomer, it can be injection or compression molding. If it is a plastic polyuretaani, se voidaan valmistaa valumenetelmälläpolyuretaani foam products as an example, the composition of the formula, the main reactants of which are polyether, polyester, or other polyols; and polyisocyanates. Others include water [chain extender], crosslinking agent, catalyst, foam stabilizer, external blowing agent, flame retardant, mold release agent, coloring agent, etc. The production process is generally two-component liquid reaction molding. That is to say, one group is that the polyol polymer and the isocyanate are mixed and reacted first, and then the above reactants are mixed with another group including water, blowing agent, stabilizer, catalyst, and various auxiliary agents to produce organic carbamate. At the same time, the reactants such as urea group use the reaction to generate carbon dioxide, release a large amount of heat, vaporize the added blowing agent, and then use the catalyst to adjust the foaming speed, and finally complete the product with uniform foam structure. At present, the automobile manufacturing industry has continuously improved safety, comfort, and durability, and has high requirements for durability in high-strength working conditions of shock-absorbing and damping elastomer parts. A new type of shock absorber made of polyuretaani flexible foam has appeared in foreign markets. Its physical and mechanical properties and damping effect are slightly better than rubber damping accessories. The product requires a density of 0.08g 丿cm3, a material compression of 5%, a compressive strength of more than 7Kpa, the product works normally at -20-40 "degrees", the product's compression set is not more than 10%, and it has oil resistance. Under pressure impact, no fracture occurs. The production process is not special. The key lies in its main reaction material. Currently, BASF is monopolizing the production and supply. BASF also learns from DuPont's market supply principle of perfluoroether rubber, which is to sell only finished products, not raw materials. , In order to achieve the reduction of market competitors.
Tämä uusi tyyppipolyuretaanijoustavat vaahtoauton iskunvaimentavat osat omaksuvat edistyneen "yksivaiheisen" muovausprosessin, eli kaikki formulaation raaka-aineiden komponentit, kuten isosyanaatti, polyolipolymeeri, ketjunjatkaja, katalyytti, vaahdon stabilointiaine ja muut. mitataan kaavan mukaan, ja isosyanaatti on erillinen komponentti, ja erilaisia apuaineita, kuten polyolipolymeeri, vesi, lisäpuhallusaine, ketjunjatkaja, pinta-aktiivinen aine, katalyytti jne., esivalmistetaan yhdeksi komponentiksi ja sitten kerran Lisää se reaktiosäiliöön ja lisää vaahdotusaine sen jälkeen. Nopean sekoittamisen ja sekoittamisen jälkeen suoritetaan vaahdotusreaktioprosessi. Tämä yksivaiheinen tuotantoprosessi soveltuu erityisesti monimutkaisten muotojen ja pienten eritelmien lisävarusteiden käsittelyyn. Muovausmenetelmässä sekoitettu neste ruiskutetaan suoraan monimutkaisen muodon muottiin ja vaahdotetaan sitten muottiontelossa muodostamista varten. Tällä menetelmällä valmistetut tuotteet. Tekniset tiedot ja mitat ovat tarkkoja, ja sitä voidaan käyttää myös metallikuorituotteina tarpeen mukaan.
Polyuretaaniproducts are currently widely used and the market demand is also large. Although my country started late, it has developed rapidly. Its global market share has reached more than a quarter. It has become the world's largest manufacturing and consumer market for polyuretaani products. However, there is still a gap between the key main reaction materials and the advanced foreign level, and the industry needs to work hard to innovate and develop.It is reported that retreading tires with polyuretaani material as tread rubber has better wear resistance and environmental protection than natural rubber. This innovative research and development has opened up a new way for retreading. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the polyuretaani industry will have more room for development.
